Understanding Oral, Head, and Neck Cancers

Adapted from article contributed by Audra Stewart-Gordon, Community Health and Communications Coordinator

April is Oral, Head, and Neck Cancer Awareness Month, a time to raise awareness about these types of cancers that affect thousands of people every year. Early detection is crucial for successful treatment, and spreading awareness can help save lives. Let’s explore the causes, risk factors, symptoms, and preventive measures for these cancers.

Oral, head, and neck cancers include cancers that develop in the mouth, throat, voice box (larynx), nasal cavity, and salivary glands. According to The American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, these cancers account for about 6% of all cancers in the U.S., with over 110,000 new cases diagnosed annually. Learn more at https://www.enthealth.org/be_ent_smart/50-facts-about-oral-head-and-neck-cancer/.

Risk Factors

Several factors may increase the risk of developing these cancers, including:

  • Tobacco use (including cigarettes, cigars, pipes, and chewing tobacco)

  • Excessive alcohol consumption

  • Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, a leading cause of oropharyngeal cancer

  • Prolonged sun exposure, which increases the risk of lip cancer

  • Poor oral hygiene and dental health

  • Family history of cancer

Recognizing Symptoms

Early symptoms of oral, head, and neck cancer can be subtle but should not be ignored. Common warning signs include:

  • Persistent sore throat or hoarseness

  • A lump or swelling in the neck

  • Difficulty swallowing or a feeling of something stuck in the throat

  • Mouth sores or ulcers that do not heal

  • Red or white patches inside the mouth

  • Unexplained weight loss

  • Persistent ear pain

If any of these symptoms persist for more than two weeks, a healthcare provider should be consulted.

Prevention and Early Detection

The good news is that many oral, head, and neck cancers can be prevented or detected early through simple lifestyle changes and screenings. Here’s how:

  • Quit tobacco use in all forms.

  • Limit alcohol consumption.

  • Get vaccinated against HPV, which is linked to oropharyngeal cancers.

  • Use sun protection for lips and avoid prolonged sun exposure.

  • Maintain good oral hygiene and visit the dentist regularly for check-ups.

  • Get screened regularly, especially if you have risk factors.

Early detection is key to improving survival rates for oral, head, and neck cancers. By raising awareness and encouraging preventive care, we can help reduce the impact of these diseases. This April, take action—schedule a screening, educate others, and advocate for cancer prevention. Your voice could save a life! Discuss your risk factors today with your primary care provider.

POSTTracey CarlsonHPM, cancer, oral cancer, neck cancer, head cancer, cancer prevention, cancer risk factors, cancer screening